Ключи к упражнениям рабочей тетради - Приложения

Unit 1

Exercise 1

1. hairdresser/hair stylist; 2. pharmacist; 3. Primary school teacher; 4. librarian

Exercise 2

1. F; 2. NS; 3. T; 4. T; 5. F; 6. F; 7. T; 8. F; 9. T; 10. NS

Exercise 3

A. 2; B. 5; C. 1; D. 4; extra — 3

Exercise 5

A. novel, international, public, impulse, attack, institution, sentimental, emotional, stereotyped, plantation, motivation, system, act, morals, classic, history, etc.

B. Conversion: serial, influence(d), view, slavery, innocent, moral(s), classic.

Affixation: antislavery, national, international, movement, including, Russian, institution, sentimental, conventional, highly, emotional, largely, reader, plantation, motivation, Calvinist, hardly, experience, strongly, unjust.

Composition: newspaper, stereotype(d), slave trader, all-forgiving, true-to-life, insight, churchmen, outraged.

Exercise 6

A. 1. exploration; 2. direction; 3. skilful; 4. explorers; 5. Polynesians; 6. location; 7. traveller; 8. movement; 9. writing

B. 1. invention; 2. magnetic; 3. freely; 4. imaginary; 5. explorers; 6. mapmakers; 7. findings; 8. different; 9. various

Exercise 7

1. d; 2. g; 3. j; 4. a; 5. i; 6. c; 7. b; 8. f; 9. e; 10. h

Exercise 8

1. b; 2. k; 3. e; 4. a; 5. h; 6. c; 7. g; 8. f; 9. d; 10. j; 11. i

Exercise 9

1. a plumber’s; 2. a postman’s; 3. an estate agent’s; 4. a police officer’s; 5. a vet’s; 6. an architect’s; 7. a carpenter’s; 8. a dressmaker’s; 9. a physician’s (a doctor’s); 10. an eye specialist’s (an optician’s)

Exercise 10

1. didn’t talk; 2. were; 3. rides; 4. didn’t leave; 5. had; 6. brings; 7. would; 8. knew; 9. pass; 10. will be; 11. went; 12. had; 13. will have; 14. were; 15. didn’t live

Exercise 11

1. If Lizzy hadn’t lost the money, she would have bought some food and the family wouldn’t have had just ... 2. Norman Simon would have competed if he hadn’t fallen down and hadn’t broken ... 3. If Rose hadn’t had a sore throat, she wouldn’t have sung badly ... and would have won ... 4. If Sam hadn’t been late ..., the headmaster wouldn’t have told him ... and he wouldn’t have missed ... 5. If Jack hadn’t forgotten about Anna’s birthday, they wouldn’t have had a quarrel and would have got married. 6. If Ms Green hadn’t been walking ... and hadn’t been caught ..., she wouldn’t have fallen ill and wouldn’t have had to stay ... 7. If Kate’s bag hadn’t been stolen, she would have phoned (managed to phone) ... and would have got ... 8. If the lights hadn’t gone off ..., the family would have watched ... 9. If the weather hadn’t been bad ..., the vegetables would have grown big enough. 10. If Jack hadn’t left his project paper on the bus, he wouldn’t have had to spend ...

Exercise 12

1. had worked, have failed; 2. had managed, have arrived; 3. caught, be late; 4. hadn’t rained, have gone; 5. bought, have; 6. hadn’t been, have forgotten; 7. hadn’t lost, have got; 8. had, buy; 9. hadn’t forgotten, have arrived; 10. were, help

Exercise 15

1. down; 2. out; 3. in; 4. out; 5. over; 6. over; 7. over; 8. in; 9. down

Exercise 16

1. The silver box was (has been) handed down from generation to generation. 2. The old man was standing (stood) on the porch handing out (multi)coloured balloons to little children. 3. I would like you to hand in the papers for a check on Thursday. 4. John, would you please hand out the letters to all the soldiers? 5. Hand over that compact disc (CD). 6. Hand in the keys when you leave a (the) hotel. 7. Mother handed out the dessert to us. 8. The servant bowed and handed the letter over to his master. 9. All the essays should be (are to be, must be) handed in by Tuesday.

Exercise 17

1. get; 2. run; 3. do; 4. hand; 5. get; 6. set; 7. hand; 8. ran; 9. hand; 10. run

Exercise 18

1. c; 2. h; 3. g; 4. j; 5. b; 6. d; 7. a; 8. i; 9. e; 10. f

Exercise 19

1. In the street a group of children was (were) playing football. 2. In St Petersburg on Dvortsovaya Square one can see a figure of an angel on the top of the column. 3. Sir Paul Carter was dumb from his birth. 4. Do you mind fixing my broken watch? 5. — We have missed the performance. — Never mind. We can watch it next week. 6. Jack is the smartest pupil of (in) our class. 7. This textbook is (meant) for (the) advanced pupils in this subject. 8. Jane is top of the class. Her answers are always smart. 9. John says that they had a terrific time at the party yesterday. 10. Good pupils never use cheat sheets. 11. The soup had a strong flavour of onions. I don’t think you liked it. 12. Do you care for computer games? 13. Will you take care of my goldfish while I’m away? 14. All the children felt jealous of Rob’s new bike. 15. Throw these potatoes away. They are rotten. 16. It was silly to ask this question. 17. Mind your own business. She cheated during the game and will be punished. 18. That scene in the film gave me the creeps.

Exercise 20

1. top; 2. harm; 3. a cheat; 4. flavour; 5. concentration; 6. a cheat sheet

Exercise 21

1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b; 5. b; 6. b; 7. b; 8. a; 9. a; 10. b

Exercise 22

1. Do you make your dresses yourself or do you have them made? 2. Yesterday I had my hair cut. The hair stylist (hairdresser) who cut my hair turned out to be (proved) not very skilful. You just look at me. 3. — Lady Grand cares for (likes) her garden very much, especially for roses. — Does she plant and water them herself or does she have these done for her? 4. — Anna never shortens her clothes herself. — Where does she send her clothes to have them shortened? 5. Yesterday John had two teeth pulled out. 6. Jane’s brother always fixes his car himself, but he doesn’t like washing it. Jane always has his car washed at the car wash. 7. How often do you have your hands (nails) manicured at the hairdresser’s? How often do you manicure your hands (nails) yourself? 8. Do you have your clothes cleaned at the nearest cleaner’s? 9. a) When did you last have the walls of your country house painted? b) When did you last paint the walls ...? 10. She usually has the grass on the lawn in front of her house mowed twice a week. Her neighbours’ son usually does it.

Exercise 24

1. to; 2. —; 3. of; 4. off; 5. for; 6. of; 7. to; 8. —; 9. for; 10. for; 11. off; 12. into; 13. away (out); 14. up; 15. in; 16. —; 17. by; 18. —; 19. for

Exercise 25

1. If James had come to me on time, I would have handed the money over to him. 2. If you had fixed the lamp to/on the wall, the father wouldn’t have read the newspapers by candlelight yesterday. 3. If Colin hadn’t used a cheat sheet at the exam, he wouldn’t have been punished. 4. If I hadn’t seen this horror film before, it would have given me the creeps. 5. If the kid hadn’t meant any harm, he wouldn’t have run away when we entered the room. 6. If Alice hadn’t called the game rotten, her friends would have let her (allowed her to) take part in it. 7. If Andrew didn’t feel jealous of (envy) Tony, I would say that he is a good friend. 8. If the drink hadn’t had such a strange flavour, we would have drunk it up. 9. If John hadn’t liked Maths in his childhood, he wouldn’t have become an engineer. 10. If you hadn’t asked so many silly questions during the interview, you would have got the job.

Exercise 26

1. Natasha wants to follow in her father’s footsteps and become a journalist. 2. When I was choosing my future career, I was influenced by Y. German’s famous (well-known) book about doctors. 3. Firemen’s work requires a lot of courage. 4. Nobody cares for tiring monotonous work but it also has to be done. 5. Computers allow people of some professions to work at home. 6. I find a travel agent’s job creative and prestigious enough. 7. My uncle is a baker and this occupation makes night shift work necessary. 8. Everybody says that I have a bent for drawing. I think I’ll follow my friends’ advice and (will) become an architect or an interior designer. 9. My older brother is good at Maths. But he hasn’t decided yet what career to choose. 10. My parents encourage my wish to become a clothes designer. It’s a satisfying, creative and rewarding profession.

Exercise 27

1. a; 2. —; 3. a, a/the, the; 4. a, the; 5. an, the; 6. the; 7. the, a, a; 8. a, a; 9. an, a; 10. the, the, an, a

Exercise 28

1. were; 2. your, most prestigious; 3. Has not explained, us; 4. are reading, was published; 5. more interesting; 6. have arrived; 7. sat, stood, went; 8. mice; 9. is not allowed; 10. have done, yourself; 11. policemen, caught; 12. will/shall go, comes; 13. think, am running

Exercise 29

Part I

1. called; 2. brought; 3. said; 4. is coming; 5. to sign; 6. Isn’t; 7. is being organized/will be organized; 8. have been invited/are invited; 9. got; 10. looked; 11. would meet; 12. was standing; 13. had just begun; 14. hoped; 15. would recognize; 16. had had; 17. did

Part II

1. was talking; 2. was introduced; 3. to tell; 4. learnt/learned; 5. had advised; 6. smiling; 7. Would you like; 8. to know; 9. had been writing; 10. found; 11. had; 12. had not given; 13. had become

Exercise 30

1. b; 2. c; 3. a; 4. d; 5. b; 6. b; 7. b

Exercise 31 (Sample version)

a) Frost’s own family.

b) Frost’s school years.

c) Frost’s working years as a reporter.

d) Frost’s college years.

e) Frost’s life as a farmer.

f) Frost’s years in England.

g) Frost’s career in the USA after 1915.

h) Frost’s peculiarities as a poet.

Unit 2

Exercise 1

Dialogue 1: 1. It has begun taking in only sixteen-year-olds, thus some of the teaching staff had to leave, others had to be employed. The college has introduced new subjects. 2. The number of pupils is getting less.

Dialogue 2: 1. Sports competitions, drama performances — all of them voluntary. 2. It was a single-sex boarding school. 3. 20—25 boys. 4. Computer Technology.

Dialogue 3: 1. Her aunt. 2. 2013. 3. Now they feel free to decide, speak and act. They are more relaxed, independent. 4. No, she doesn’t.

Dialogue 4: 1. A parent. 2. To do Modern Languages at London University. 3. French and Spanish. 4. Discipline, lack of uniform and hard work.

Exercise 2

French grammar, spelling, his attitude toward French

Exercise 3

A. 1. d; 2. b

B. 1. a; 2. a; 3. b; 4. b; 5. a; 6. a; 7. b; 8. a; 9. a; 10. b

Exercise 6

1. teacher; 2. various; 3. confusion; 4. proposals; 5. investigations; 6. endless; 7. regulations; 8. statistics; 9. qualifications; 10. naturally; 11. contradictory

Exercise 7

1. d; 2. h; 3. g; 4. a; 5. e; 6. f; 7. i; 8. c; 9. b; 10. j

Exercise 8

1. weren’t, be able; 2. hadn’t taken, have; 3. have bought; 4. had made, be able; 5. hadn’t enrolled, have; 6. weren’t, be; 7. hadn’t vanished, have explained; 8. didn’t drone, listen; 9. know; 10. hadn’t squeaked, have woken

Exercise 11

A. 1. a) If I saw John tomorrow, I would talk (speak) to him. b) If I had seen John at the party yesterday, I would have talked (spoken) to him. 2. a) If I had time, I would help you, but I have no time now. b) If I had had time last week, I would have helped you. 3. a) If Sue had money now, she would buy a computer, but she has no money now. b) If Sue had had money last month, she would have bought a computer. 4. a) If Ann went to Italy next month, she would visit Rome. b) If Ann had gone to Italy, she would have visited Rome, but she went to Spain to spend her holidays.

B. 1. But for her old age, he wouldn’t let her (have let her) speak to him like that. 2. But for a strong flavour of onions, I would taste (have tasted) the main course. 3. But for my parents’ love and care, I wouldn’t have been able to cope with all the difficulties. 4. But for her British accent, I would have taken her for an American when we first met. 5. But for the cheat sheet, Alex wouldn’t have coped with the test. 6. If John hadn’t fixed the badge on(to) his shirt, I wouldn’t have learnt (learned) that he was a member of the conference. 7. If he minded his own business, he wouldn’t annoy his friends so much. 8. But for the new timetable, she wouldn’t have missed her classes on Friday. 9. But for her silly answer, they would have taken a different decision. 10. If our boys hadn’t shown off but had played differently, we would have won the competition.

C. 1. I didn’t know then what to do. What would you have done in my place? 2. If you went with us tomorrow, you would see a lot of interesting things. 3. If John had come to us yesterday, I would have introduced him to my parents. 4. If we had known that he would return at 5, we should (would) have come earlier. 5. If I hadn’t known your secret, I wouldn’t have guessed who you are (If I didn’t know ..., I wouldn’t guess ...). 6. If I were you, I wouldn’t do (have done) it. 7. If I had been there last summer, I would have done it in a different way. 8. If I were you, I would have asked your (my) uncle about it long ago. 9. If I had such a sister, I would be proud of her. 10. But for her refusal, we should (would) solve this problem tomorrow.

Exercise 12

1. more frequently; 2. most rarely; 3. most beautifully; 4. most patiently; 5. more carefully; 6. earlier; 7. faster, fastest; 8. nearest; 9. loudliest (most loudly); 10. clearer (more clearly); 11. brightest (most brightly); 12. sooner, later; 13. more politely; 14. slower (more slowly); 15. more often (oftener)

Exercise 13

1. Could you tell me more clearly (clearer) how to get to the railway station? 2. Which of you lives nearest to the school? 3. Come on, who can run to the corner fastest of all? 4. Please carry this box more carefully, there are glass things in it. 5. Tom found the way to solve our problem cleverest (most cleverly) of all. 6. The saleswoman smiled at me nicely and quickly went to the shelves. 7. Say it louder (more loudly), please. I can’t hear you. 8. Look, Jane is breathing hardest (heaviest, most heavily) of all. I think she has little training. 9. Steve drives a car very carelessly. I wouldn’t like to be his passenger. 10. I have been living in this city longest of all and I know about it more than you (do).

Exercise 15

1. hand; 2. hand; 3. broken; 4. handed; 5. broke; 6. hand; 7. broke; 8. broken; 9. broke; 10. broke

Exercise 16

1. Don’t hand in your tests now if you haven’t finished yet. You will be able to go on with your work during your next lesson. 2. Hand out the pencils to all the pupils of the class. 3. The thief was handed over to the police. 4. Tomorrow the princess will hand out gifts at the children’s hospital. 5. In the majority of families with a lot of children clothes are handed down from elder brothers and sisters to the younger ones. 6. A month later he agreed to hand the farm over to the Davidsons. 7. When you leave a hotel, hand in the key at the desk. 8. They were made to hand the money over to Mr Pratchett.

Exercise 17

1. into; 2. out; 3. down; 4. into; 5. away; 6. down; 7. away; 8. out

Exercise 18

1. — At what age does compulsory education begin and finish in England? (When do British children start and finish ...?) — It begins at 5 and finishes at 16. 2. — What (type of) school do the majority of children in Britain attend? — Comprehensive. 3. — Are there any private fee-paying schools in England? — Yes, there are. 4. — What schools are called public schools in Britain and the USA? — In Britain public schools are highly prestigious private fee-paying schools; in the USA they are free local schools. 5. — What exam do English pupils sit (for) at the age of 16? — GCSE. 6. — Who usually attends the sixth form? — Those pupils who prepare for the A Level exams and want to go to university. 7. — What does the letter A mean (stand for) in the name (term) “A Level Exam”? — Advanced. 8. — Do English children sit (for) exams when they finish primary school and enter the first form of secondary school? — Not as a rule. 9. — Do British pupils wear uniforms? — Some of them do. 10. — What in your opinion is the most interesting thing in the British system of education? — ...

Exercise 19

1. compulsory education; 2. a school-leaver; 3. a third- former (grader); 4. the GCSE exam; 5. a boarding school; 6. a fee-paying school; 7. an assembly hall; 8. the Headmaster’s (Headmistress’s) office; 9. a canteen; 10. a staff room; 11. a science laboratory; 12. a chemistry laboratory

Exercise 20

1. —; 2. —; 3. —; 4. a; 5. a; 6. a; 7. a; 8. —; 9. —; 10. a; 11. a; 12. —; 13. —; 14. —; 15. —; 16. a; 17. a; 18. the; 19. the; 20. —; 21. —

Exercise 21

1. learn; 2. learn; 3. learn/study; 4. learn/study; 5. learn; 6. learn; 7. study; 8. learn; 9. learn; 10. study; 11. study; 12. learn

Exercise 22

1. Who enrolled you at this school — your mum or your dad? 2. During this season doctors often warn us against catching a cold (colds). 3. Are you also queu(e)ing for cakes (standing in this queue for ...)? 4. It was a hot summer day. (The) Bees droned in the air flying over the flowers. 5. Where do witches and wizards live? 6. Don’t mess about (around). Get down (set) to business. 7. She took the (some) medicine but it (that) didn’t relieve the pain. 8. If you hadn’t disappeared (vanished) in the crowd then, you would have seen a terrific show with us. 9. In boarding schools children sleep in dormitories. 10. Don’t tickle me. I can’t stand it. 11. These birds are rare guests in our neighbourhood. 12. The floor squeaked and the child woke up. 13. It was hot and in the city people queued for ice cream and soda water. 14. The little mouse squeaked and rushed (ran) away. 15. I think he is trying to force his opinion on us. 16. The text we are going to read is written by a modern philosopher. 17. With (a feeling of) relief I remembered that the exams were over. 18. On hours he can drone on about how to behave. 19. I don’t like this new white sweater. It tickles my skin. 20. I’m thinking about enrolling on the/a French course. 21. I know that I can always get some solid advice from my parents. 22. I have just seen Chris. When did he vanish? 23. From force of habit I still get up at six o’clock though I don’t have to now. 24. The classroom is in an awful mess. I won’t begin the lesson until you do the room. 25. I rarely remember the events of the last year (last year events). The memories bring too much pain.

Exercise 23

1. mice, bats; 2. geese; 3. bees, bumblebees; 4. dogs; 5. snakes; 6. frogs; 7. bees, bumblebees; 8. little birds; 9. horses; 10. ducks; 11. dogs; 12. wolves

Exercise 24

1. Wolves howl. 2. Dogs bark. 3. Snakes hiss. 4. Hens cluck. 5. Sparrows twitter. 6. Cats mew. 7. Cows moo. 8. Lions roar. 9. Chicks squeak. 10. Geese cackle. 11. Bees buzz. 12. Pigs grunt. 13. Crows caw. 14. Doves coo. 15. Sheep bleat.

Exercise 25

1. Его план не сработал. 2. Различия весьма существенны. 3. Молоко в кувшине скисло. 4. Каролина покраснела. 5. Каждую осень маленький Джон заболевает. 6. Когда Пол услышал новости, он пришёл в ярость. 7. Увы! Мои волосы седеют. 8. При виде мёртвой птицы Люси побледнела. 9. Когда Индия стала свободной? 10. Новый проект не задался с самого начала.

Exercise 26

1. the; 2. the; 3. the, —, the, —; 4. —, the, —; 5. —; 6. the; 7. a, the, a, —; 8. the; 9. the, —; 10. the, the; 11. a, the, a/the; 12. the, the

Exercise 27

A. 2. a co-educational school; 3. to leave school; 4. a staff room; 5. to take an exam; 6. to sit for an A Level exam; 7. to do a subject; 8. to assess a paper; 9. to prepare for an exam; 10. to fail an exam; 11. summer holidays; 12. to go to school

B. 2. state schools; 3. boarding schools; 4. after-class activities; 5. a weekend (days off); 6. to fail an exam; 7. mixed (co-educational) schools; 8. to attend a class

Exercise 28

1. the; 2. the; 3. the; 4. a; 5. a;6. the; 7. the; 8. a; 9. —; 10. a; 11. the; 12. the; 13. the; 14. a; 15. an; 16. —; 17. the; 18. a; 19. a; 20. the; 21. —; 22. a; 23. the; 24. the; 25. the; 26. a; 27. the; 28. a; 29. a; 30. —; 31. the; 32. the; 33. the; 34. the; 35. the; 36. a; 37. a; 38. the; 39. the

Exercise 29

1. were, would be; 2. came, would be; 3. had been, would have spoken; 4. will arrive/is arriving; 5. have cleaned, looks; 6. have you done, looks; 7. was, had finished; 8. goldfish; 9. oxen, cows, sheep; 10. leaves, roofs; 11. oneself; 12. us; 13. first, second; 14. longer, more dangerous; 15. worst

Exercise 30

Part I

1. had never been; 2. had given (was giving); 3. was; 4. was drinking; 5. eating; 6. was talking; 7. took; 8. began; 9. was playing; 10. want; 11. shook; 12. meant

Part II

1. laid; 2. shook; 3. jumped; 4. felt; 5. do you mean; 6. are you crying; 7. sobbed; 8. am crying; 9. don’t think; 10. are; 11. have ever met; 12. wouldn’t say (wouldn’t have said); 13. knew; 14. have you done; 15. have taken; 16. is; 17. has; 18. has made; 19. think

Exercise 31

1. c; 2. g; 3. a; 4. b; 5. f; 6. e; 7. d

Exercise 32

1. Последняя капля переполняет чашу. 2. Лес рубят, щепки летят.

Exercise 33

1. d; 2. c; 3. a; 4. c; 5. a; 6. c; 7. b; 8. c

Unit 3

Exercise 1

Dialogue 1: 1. A journalist. 2. To write about it. 3. Ready-made clothes, perfume, underwear. 4. It’s going to sell only elegant and expensive things.

Dialogue 2: 1. The problem of wearing a uniform as a must. 2. No, as one can’t express one’s individuality. 3. Not absolutely. She doesn’t like the idea of wearing a uniform very much but says that it helps discipline and unite pupils. 4. To have an opinion poll and find out what the others think.

Dialogue 3: 1. He wants to open an account. 2. This is the sum of his initial payment. 3. How much money he must pay in to open a savings account, if he can arrange for some payments to be made from his account. 4. To fill in the form and sign it.

Dialogue 4: 1. He wants to get some information about Mr Farber’s car. 2. In 1995. 3. Four thousand pounds. 4. They agreed to meet on Thursday at six.

Exercise 2

1. b; 2. d

Exercise 3

A. 4; B. 6; C. 5; D. 2; E. 1; extra — 3

Exercise 5

1. culture; 2. theme; 3. park; 4. continent; 5. restaurant; 6. cigarette; 7. sport; 8. music; 9. show; 10. local; 11. dominant; 12. result; 13. company; 14. export; 15. product; 16. expansion; 17. barrier; 18. protect; 19. isolate; 20. economy; 21. global; 22. market; 23. economic; 24. dramatically; 25. person; 26. globally; 27. opponent; 28. globalization; 29. multinational; 30. national; 31. regional; 32. cultural

Exercise 6

1. environmental; 2. developing; 3. recklessly; 4. naturally; 5. globalization; 6. degradation; 7. global; 8. becoming; 9. corporations

Exercise 7

1. right; 2. widely; 3. most; 4. lately; 5. wide; 6. late; 7. high; 8. nearly; 9. hardly; 10. highly; 11. hard; 12. rightly

Exercise 8

1. Tom lives farthest of all from the school, that’s why he has to get up earliest of all. 2. They say our neighbour is seriously ill. I am so sorry for her. 3. Nobody can write my surname right. 4. The first platypuses that appeared in Europe were wrongly considered a fake. 5. Wait for me, I have nearly finished the task. 6. I hope I haven’t done the test so badly. 7. A basketball player has to be able to jump high. 8. This new women’s magazine is widely advertized. 9. Who knows you better than your own parents? 10. I hope you have been rightly informed.

Exercise 9

1. — How many trousers did you manage to press yester day? — I pressed four, but I didn’t manage to (couldn’t) iron my blouse. Something had gone wrong with the iron. 2. We managed to find out his mobile number, but we didn’t manage to (couldn’t) talk to him. The telephone was switched off. 3. At last I managed to see Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, but I couldn’t understand why the film is (was) so popular. 4. After the long talks (negotiations) we managed to work out an agreement. 5. How many pages did you manage (have you managed) to translate? 6. The little girl didn’t manage to (couldn’t) find the way home. 7. The task was difficult, and Tom didn’t manage to (couldn’t) do it. 8. Did you manage to answer all the teacher’s questions? 9. I didn’t manage (haven’t managed) to buy trainers for my son. (I couldn’t buy ...) There were only small sizes in the shop. 10. Did you manage to do the task yourself, or did anybody help you? (Have you managed ...)

Exercise 10

1. John couldn’t go to the baker’s. He returned late. 2. Did you manage to choose presents for your younger brother’s birthday? 3. I couldn’t (didn’t manage to) translate the article without a dictionary. 4. Did Betty manage (Has Betty managed ...) to buy paper-clips at the stationer’s? 5. There were a lot of people in the shop, but Andrew managed to do the shopping rather quickly. 6. It was noisy in the room and Ann couldn’t concentrate on the task. 7. Did you manage to buy the medicine? Where is it? 8. You managed to wake up early yesterday, didn’t you? 9. What did he manage to spend his pocket money on? 10. Little Sam tried to run quicker but couldn’t.

Exercise 11

1. — Интересно, какая завтра будет погода? — Возможно, весь день будет идти дождь. — Сомневаюсь. Может быть, и будет облачно, но уж дождя точно (определённо) не будет. 2. — Интересно, где Салли. — Возможно, она играет в компьютер. 3. Можно воспользоваться твоей ручкой? 4. Извините, можно взять соль, сэр? 5. В Англии в большинстве ресторанов не разрешено курить. 6. Мама, можно надеть твоё кольцо на вечеринку? 7. Если хочешь, можешь посмотреть телевизор. 8. После того как самолёт взлетит, разрешается курить. 9. Ты умеешь танцевать вальс? 10. Когда моему старшему брату было три года, он хорошо читал. 11. В прошлом году мне удалось обыграть Дорис в пинг-понг.

Exercise 12

1. a; 2. b; 3. b; 4. a

Exercise 13

1. Can (May) I take another biscuit, Granny? 2. Mr Brown, may I stay a little longer? 3. Richard said we could take his bike. 4. We were not allowed to go to the party by ourselves. 5. Can I help you with your bags? 6. Jane had no ticket, and she was not allowed to enter. 7. He might come on time, but I think he will be late. 8. There may be some cake (Some cake may be) left. I’ll go and have a look. 9. Now little Jimmy can read very well, but 5 months ago he couldn’t. 10. Mum, can (may) I have another chocolate, please? 11. I got lost in the new city and managed to find the street I needed only by the evening. 12. In our ancient city tourists can see a cathedral and some churches of the 17—19th centuries. 13. We won’t be able to explain to Richard the reason for our departure. 14. I may go to the cinema with my friend tomorrow. 15. How could you have broken your promise?! 16. It may (might) rain again tomorrow.

Exercise 15

1. across; 2. down; 3. round; 4. off; 5. over

Exercise 16

1. What came over him yesterday? He let everybody use his computer (allowed to use ...). 2. John said he might come round about six. 3. Emma came across very unusual accounts looking through her helper’s files. 4. I don’t think I can take part in the conference. I’m coming down with a cold. 5. While I was climbing over the wall, a button came off my jacket. 6. You should explain this word to the children. They have never come across it. 7. A stud has come (came) off my brother’s old waistcoat (vest). 8. Betty came down with a cold. She is running (has) a high temperature. 9. Come off the grass. You mustn’t walk on it. 10. I don’t know what has come over him, he doesn’t want to come round to us for a while.

Exercise 17

1. a man’s suit

2. a waistcoat

3. a collar

4. a jacket

5. a bow tie

6. a button

7. a buttonhole

8. a stud

9. laces

10. a ribbon

11. a straw hat

12. a top

13. a woman’s suit

14. a skirt

15. a pocket

16. a belt

17. high-heeled shoes

Exercise 18

1. f; 2. h; 3. b; 4. e; 5. c; 6. a; 7. g; 8. d

Exercise 19

1. up; 2. on; 3. of; 4. with; 5. on; 6. in; 7. to; 8. by, in; 9. from, in; 10. at; 11. —, for; 12. with; 13. —; 14. up

Exercise 20

A. 1. to get dressed; 2. jet-black; 3. brand-new; 4. a wide- trimmed straw hat; 5. to take no notice (of); 6. to zip up; 7. to unbutton a coat; 8. to be the last straw (to put the lid on sth); 9. to shriek with laughter; 10. to lose one’s nerve; 11. to lace up one’s boots; 12. a garage attached to the house; 13. the inventors worth mentioning; 14. to flap in the wind; 15. to tie to the tree

B. 1. Could you change a hundred roubles? The cash machine (cash point) has given all the money to me in one hundred notes. I must buy bread, and there is no change at the baker’s on the corner. 2. I don’t like borrowing money because I’m afraid to get myself into debt. 3. I like doing shopping in a/the big shopping centre: the service is good there, and they often give reductions (discounts). 4. A modern shopping centre looks like a big city under one roof. One can find everything necessary there: hair and beauty salons, post offices, information desks, petrol stations and even cinemas and restaurants. 5. Many stores allow the disabled to use special wheelchairs free. 6. Open a bank account. It will help you to save money, and the bank will regularly pay your interest.

Exercise 21

1. chew; 2. attached; 3. immense; 4. were reluctant; 5. tied; 6. a fancy dress; 7. outfit; 8. flaps; 9. funeral; 10. are worth reading; 11. garment; 12. stiff; 13. ridiculous; 14. are detachable; 15. brand-new

Exercise 22

A. 1. I have no cash. Can I pay by card? 2. Can you change 10 dollars for me? 3. Do people often buy goods on credit in Russia? 4. Yesterday my elder brother opened his first bank account. 5. Banks give loans to their customers. 6. My Granny and Granddad like neither to borrow money nor to lend it. 7. The other day my aunts went to a/the shopping centre and bought a lot of ridiculous things. 8. “You must fill in the form and sign here,” said the bank clerk. 9. What is the exchange rate?

B. 1. Find out the price of the trousers from the shop assistant and ask if they will give me a discount. 2. Can you show me the way to the fitting room? 3. What free services do shopping centres offer their customers? 4. We bought my sports outfit at Marks & Spencer. 5. Where can we buy tableware? 6. When I come to our local corner shop, Mr Briggs, the shop owner, always greets me nicely and asks if he can do something for me. 7. Take your change and receipt, please. 8. Can you wrap (up) my purchases, please? 9. Shall I put your box into a plastic bag?

Exercise 23

1. A new pair of shoes is worth buying. 2. Your father’s advice is worth asking. 3. Foreign languages are always worth learning. 4. The stupid TV programme is not worth watching. 5. Tea is not worth making. 6. The new play has been worth watching. 7. The party was worth visiting. 8. Is the Star Hotel worth staying in? 9. A taxi has been worth taking. 10. A question is always worth asking, but it (the question) is not always worth answering.

Exercise 24

1. I’ve made your bed. Your pyjamas are under the pillow. 2. Here is the watch my Mother gave me as a birthday present. 3. The stairs were high, and we got tired before we got to the seventh floor. 4. I wonder whose funeral it is. 5. All this money has been already spent. 6. Bring me your clothes; I’ll iron them. 7. How many clocks and watches do you have at home? 8. The traffic lights show red light. One mustn’t cross the street now. 9. Your new clothes look smart. I like them. 10. I don’t keep money at home. My money is in the bank.

Exercise 25

1. the most careful, us; 2. was reading; 3. was taken; 4. children, bookshelves; 5. themselves; 6. were talking, came; 7. first, more difficult, second; 8. had never travelled; 9. have found, earlier; 10. had lost; 11. tells; 12. would arrive, had been expected; 13. ourselves; 14. biggest, them

Exercise 26

Part I

1. had always wanted; 2. began; 3. taking; 4. passed; 5. was bought; 6. pay; 7. would make; 8. drove; 9. hadn’t learnt; 10. went; 11. was shining; 12. had been driving; 13. came

Part II

1. had been made; 2. had been opened; 3. had been checked; 4. felt; 5. shall I do; 6. have never dealt; 7. don’t start; 8. will/shall have; 9. heard; 10. turned; 11. saw; 12. looking; 13. look; 14. had happened; 15. have been living; 16. don’t listen; 17. doesn’t know

Exercise 27

1. —; 2. the; 3. —; 4. a; 5. the; 6. —; 7. the; 8. the; 9. the; 10. the; 11. the; 12. the; 13. the; 14. —; 15. —; 16. —; 17. the; 18. the; 19. the; 20. the; 21. the; 22. a; 23. the; 24. the; 25. a; 26. the

Exercise 28

Money:

Деньги к деньгам.

Деньги делают деньги.

Где много денег, ещё прибудет.

Мошна туга, всяк ей слуга.

С деньгами на свете, так и дурак ездит в карете.

Хуже всех бед, когда денег нет.

С деньгами всего можно добиться.

Деньги часто губят тех, кто их наживает.

Business:

Дело — суть (соль) всей жизни.

Делу время, потехе час.

Сделал дело, гуляй смело.

Дело есть дело.

Exercise 29

Exercise 30

1. d; 2. b; 3. b; 4. c; 5. d; 6. d; 7. d

Unit 4

Exercise 1

Dialogue 1: 1. F; 2. NS; 3. T; 4. F; 5. T; 6. NS; 7. T

Dialogue 2: 1. T; 2. F; 3. T; 4. T; 5. NS; 6. T

Dialogue 3: 1. F; 2. T; 3. F; 4. NS; 5. F

Dialogue 4: 1. F; 2. NS; 3. T; 4. F; 5. NS; 6. T

Exercise 2

Computers help people. Bankers use computers. Computers help weathermen to predict weather. Computers help companies, doctors, scientists. They are useful, fast and accurate. They are never bored or tired. People depend on computers. Sometimes people think computers are giant brains. But people are more intelligent. They tell computers what to do, they decide what facts to put into the computer, they plan programs and tell the computers what to do with the facts.

Exercise 3

A. 3; B. 2; C. 4; D. 6; E. 1; extra — 5

Exercise 5

Crescent moon, half moon, full moon, phase of the moon, new moon, mysterious heavenly body, sickle moon.

Exercise 7

1. industrial; 2. dusty; 3. harmful; 4. seriously; 5. pollution; 6. exposed; 7. dangerous; 8. pollution; 9. explosions; 10. radiation

Exercise 8

3. You don’t have to help me: I think I’ll manage.

d. Has he got to take all these textbooks with him?

5. Do they have to learn all these poems by heart?

f. Father hasn’t got to go to the school to talk to my teacher.

7. They don’t have to listen to this music if they don’t like it.

h. Have you got to read this thick book from cover to cover?

9. Do we have to listen to this stupid talk?

10. He doesn’t have to say yes.

Exercise 9

1. Mrs Connoly slowly went downstairs. (Mrs Connoly went downstairs slowly.) 2. Ruth looked in the box carefully. 3. The two brothers say they work at home best. 4. Every afternoon Jane practises playing the piano there (every afternoon). 5. The little girl was crying loudly in her room. 6. Yesterday the children antagonized the neighbours by playing music loudly (yesterday). 7. Sometimes mothers (sometimes) complain that their children don’t always appreciate them. 8. The boys quickly ran upstairs (quickly) at the approach of a policeman. 9. Last summer the children hardly ever played table tennis in the gym (last summer). 10. John (definitely) said he would be definitely meeting Belinda on Saturday.

Exercise 11

1. the, the; 2. the; 3. —; 4. —; 5. —; 6. the; 7. the; 8. —; 9. the; 10. —; 11. the

Exercise 12

1. The young in Europe like American music. 2. She was wearing an old hat. 3. Religions teach that people with money should give some to the poor. 4. We have a deaf dog; it’s very old. 5. A young cow is called a calf. 6. She threw away the old shoes. 7. The old should be taken care of. 8. A/The young baby sleeps a great deal. 9. The blind man had a dog to help him. 10. She is a very poor swimmer. 11. The rich are often powerful because of their money. 12. What do you think of the help that’s given to the blind?

Exercise 13 (Sample version)

1. 100 years ago: fly into space, watch TV, operate on the human heart, use computers, use the Internet; 200 years ago: fly planes, make photographs, speak on the phone, travel by train, fly into space

2. live underwater, fly to other planets, live to be 150 years old, cure dangerous diseases, travel in time

3. negative: a global war, pollution, catastrophies of various kinds; positive: new technologies, new means of transport, closer relations between peoples

4. stopping pollution, preventing global warming, growing trees instead of cutting them down, using ecologically clean fuel in cars, stop the greenhouse effect

5. a global war, radiation, a global catastrophy, a fast change of climate, running out of fresh water

Exercise 14

1. mustn’t; 2. must; 3. mustn’t; 4. mustn’t; 5. mustn’t; 6. must; 7. mustn’t; 8. mustn’t; 9. mustn’t; 10. mustn’t

Exercise 15

1. must; 2. have to; 3. have to; 4. must, must; 5. must; 6. must; 7. must; 8. have to; 9. had to; 10. must

Exercise 16

A. 1. I must give up smoking, this is my doctor’s recommendation. 2. You must read this book about the recent (latest) inventions. 3. You mustn’t listen to such loud music when your little brother is sleeping (sleeps). 4. I often have to cook dinner because my parents work late (hours). 5. — Do you have to go to school today? — Today’s Saturday. 6. You’re coming down with a cold, you should stay in bed for a day or two (for a day or so). 7. Doctors shouldn’t speak to their patients irritably. 8. People should (must) vote even if they don’t agree with each of the candidates. 9. You must (should) be here before eight o’clock. 10. I think you should express (voice) your opinion more openly.

B. 1. Ann, you must wash your hands now (immediately). They are dirty. One mustn’t sit down to table when one’s hands are dirty. 2. You shouldn’t cry, dear. Tears won’t help. 3. I’ve put on weight. I must go on a diet. 4. Must you wear a school uniform? 5. Must you wear this short skirt when you are at school? 6. You needn’t type this translation. Mary has already typed it. 7. You must obey (follow) the rules if you want to be our club member. 8. John has to wear a hat when he works (is working) in the garden. The sun is too hot. 9. You should be more careful when you’re writing (when you write). 10. This thing is very expensive. You mustn’t (shouldn’t) play with it. 11. My father is a gardener, so he has to work outside (in the open air) even when it’s cold. 12. We haven’t got a geography class tomorrow, so I needn’t take books on geography (geography books) with me. 13. The schoolmaster: “In this (our) school all (the) pupils must take computer studies.” 14. It’s not fair! Why should (must) I come home by ten? None of my friends comes home so early. 15. You look tired. You shouldn’t work so hard, dear.

Exercise 17

1. No Trespassing. No Parking. Beware of the Dog. 2. Sold out. 3. Do Not Lean out of the Window. 4. Please Queue Other Side. Do Not Leave Bags Unattended. Keep Right. 5. No Trespassing. 6. No Talking. 7. No Vacancies. 8. Please Do Not Feed the Animals. 9. Please Keep off the Grass. Keep Your Dog on the Lead. 10. Nothing to Declare.

Exercise 18

1. Этот человек, Браун, хотел обманом заполучить мои деньги, но я видел его насквозь (сразу разгадал его умысел). 2. Я не видел Ника уже несколько дней. Он уехал в командировку? 3. К сожалению, я не могу проводить тебя на вокзал. Тебе бы лучше взять такси. 4. Позаботься о том, чтобы для всех наших гостей хватило стульев. 5. Я провожу тебя в аэропорт. 6. Постарайся поспать. Я накормлю детей завтраком (позабочусь о завтраке для ребятишек). 7. Я не знаком с ней лично, я только видел её. 8. Нам всем понятно, какую игру ты затеял, Сэм. 9. Отвези её в больницу, врачи должны заняться её запястьем (осмотреть её запястье).

Exercise 19 (Sample version)

1. happy, thoughtful, surprised, nervous, etc. 2. smile, speech, look, movement, etc. 3. look, manner, reply, smile, etc. 4. a job, silence, education, love and care, etc. 5. future, the weather, sb’s behaviour or action, etc. 6. books, dishes, goods, plants, etc. 7. clothes, shoes, hat, uniform, etc. 8. set, break, hold, keep, etc.

Exercise 20

case/cases

Exercise 21

A. 1. The town was situated in the valley beside a cold fast-running river. 2. He has been working at/on the new engine for several years, and his only desire is to complete this hard work. 3. There’s a special branch of science that predicts future. 4. I would be very grateful to you if you could explain what is required of me. 5. Who supplies your school with computers and other equipment? 6. From the expression on the boy’s face I understood that he was nervous. 7. “Don’t bother me with your questions!” said my brother irritably. 8. The variety of languages in the world is so great that one can’t know them all. 9. Well done! Today you’ve washed up very fast. It’s a real record. 10. I’ll do what you ask for only in case you insist on it. 11. Modern robots have a great advantage: practically speaking they are intellectual machines. 12. A teacher should not be indifferent to his pupils’ progress. 13. Some time ago worn-out jeans and faded T-shirts were in fashion. 14. Just in case, let’s leave a note for Mum saying that we have gone to the cinema. She’s always nervous when she doesn’t know where we are. Besides, it’s quite late already.

B. 1. This is a rude expression, don’t use it. 2. I have never thought that he will have the nerve to insist on this visit. 3. One shouldn’t be indifferent to one’s work. 4. Don’t bother him with your silly questions! 5. The elderly woman sitting next to me in the (aero)plane was very nervous: she was afraid of flying. 6. This radio requires two batteries. 7. Without the right equipment the mechanic didn’t manage to (couldn’t) repair the car. 8. Soon there will be new supplies of food. 9. In case of fire call 01. 10. No one could predict the results of the experiment. 11. I can’t see this worn-out jacket any longer (any more). 12. Why not use all the advantages of living in a big city? 13. He has a good collection of old records. 14. His greatest desire was to see the ocean. 15. I think he’ll come to the party, but let’s call him just in case.

Exercise 22

1. besides; 2. different; 3. invention; 4. besides; 5. one; 6. did; 7. either; 8. none; 9. either; 10. variety; 11. neither; 12. discovered; 13. beside

Exercise 23 (Sample version)

1. astronomy, physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology, etc. 2. discovery, observation, test, analysis and systematization of facts, research, etc. 3. fighting serious diseases, creating highly effective systems of communication, creating new materials, etc. 4. to equip spaceships with powerful engines, to explore outer space and other planets, to live and work in orbital space stations, to send probes to other planets, etc. 5. a keyboard, a printer, to switch on the power, to use the password, etc.

Exercise 24

A. Science and technology; to analyze and systematize (the) facts; to make experiments; to do (scientific) research; modern information technologies; to make a discovery; great achievements; interesting observations; a science (a branch of science); a scientific breakthrough; to make tests.

B. Exploring the underwater world; UFOs and alien visits; alternative sources of energy; recycling and reusing materials; collecting, storing, using and sending out information; development of life on the Earth; studying ancient civilizations.

C. To orbit the Earth; life and work in orbital space stations; essential problems; to launch the space vehicle; a manned spaceship; the mankind; to equip with a powerful engine; to produce new materials in zero gravity.

D. Access to the Internet; e-mail; to save and delete information; a PC user; diagrams; to format and edit texts; a password; hard disks; a keyboard.

Exercise 25

1. are crowded, better; 2. had happened; 3. see, is (was/ will be) missed; 4. first; 5. deer; 6. was not listening, was thinking; 7. to come; 8. most horrible; 9. was laid, ourselves; 10. hundred

Exercise 26

Part I

1. was living/lived; 2. was reading; 3. came; 4. had been discovered; 5. had been kept; 6. had been sent; 7. was given; 8. read/had read; 9. sprang; 10. rushed; 11. knew; 12. would get

Part II

1. rode; 2. found; 3. was having; 4. knocked; 5. asked; 6. could; 7. talk; 8. have had; 9. don’t want; 10. coming; 11. wasn’t; 12. told; 13. had found; 14. would write; 15. (would) split; 16. expected; 17. to help; 18. did

Exercise 27

1. a; 2. the; 3. —; 4. the/—; 5. the; 6. the; 7. —; 8. the/—; 9. the; 10. the; 11. the/—; 12. the; 13. the; 14. the; 15. the; 16. the; 17. the; 18. —

Exercise 28

1. hadn’t bothered, wouldn’t have supplied; 2. hadn’t bought, wouldn’t be able; 3. hadn’t been invented, would have been invented; 4. had named, would have got; 5. wouldn’t know; 6. were, wouldn’t be; 7. had, would tell; 8. could; 9. were not, would be; 10. hadn’t been interested, wouldn’t have entered

Exercise 29

1. had been; 2. would have killed; 3. had been driving; 4. wouldn’t have been; 5. had known; 6. would have kept; 7. had known; 8. wouldn’t have been driving; 9. hadn’t been; 10. would be

Exercise 30

1. b; 2. b; 3. d; 4. c; 5. c; 6. c; 7. b

Exercise 33

1. b; 2. g; 3. d; 4. h; 5. e; 6. c; 7. f; 8. a

Exercise 34

1. n; 2. b; 3. c; 4. j; 5. a; 6. m; 7. l; 8. f; 9. d; 10. p; 11. h; 12. e; 13. o; 14. k; 15. i; 16. g

Unit 5

Exercise 1

Dialogue 1: 1. b; 2. a; 3. c; 4. a; 5. c

Dialogue 2: 1. c; 2. c; 3. b; 4. c; 5. b

Dialogue 3: 1. a; 2. c; 3. c; 4. a; 5. a

Dialogue 4: 1. c; 2. b; 3. c; 4. c; 5. b

Exercise 2

1. e; 2. g; 3. a; 4. d; 5. c; 6. h; 7. b; 8. f

Exercise 3

1. B; 2. D; 3. F; 4. E; 5. A; 6. H; 7. —; 8. C; 9. G

Exercise 6

1. visitors; 2. national; 3. threatened; 4. ecological; 5. pollution; 6. industrial; 7. survival; 8. privatization; 9. biologically; 10. unable

Exercise 7

1. don’t need to/needn’t; 2. need to; 3. need to; 4. need to; 5. don’t need to/needn’t; 6. need to; 7. don’t need to/needn’t; 8. don’t need to/needn’t; 9. don’t need to/needn’t

Exercise 8 (Sample version)

1. No, you needn’t. You may pay later. 2. No, she needn’t. It can wait till later. 3. No, you needn’t. Kate will wash up this time. 4. No, you needn’t. I think it looks great. 5. You needn’t stay in bed. Just stay indoors till the end of this week. 6. You needn’t go to the post office at all. I can post the letter for you. 7. No, you needn’t. You can take as long as you wish.

Exercise 9

1. should take; 2. to be taken; 3. do we need; 4. needn’t; 5. have informed; 6. stay; 7. have cooked; 8. take; 9. are to; 10. don’t need; 11. needn’t; 12. could have been; 13. needn’t take; 14. must be; 15. needn’t

Exercise 10

1. You should have informed me about this exciting event. Because of you I’ve missed everything. 2. You should have woken me up. My dream was a real nightmare. 3. You shouldn’t have confused him with your questions. 4. You shouldn’t have spoken to him in such a rude voice. You’ve frightened the boy. 5. You could have bought today’s newspapers. Why haven’t you done it? 6. Jane needn’t have translated the article. It has already been translated. 7. You needn’t meet me at the metro station. Victor will see me home. 8. Do we have to buy tickets to go to the park or can we go free? 9. We should have listened to the weather forecast. I’ve got wet through (to the skin) in the rain. 10. Who needs a pen? I have a spare one. 11. To be taken three times a day before meals. 12. You should have asked for your parents’ advice. 13. Why did you climb up the tree? You could have fallen. 14. Steve says he needs no one’s help. 15. You shouldn’t have bought two tickets to the theatre. This Saturday I’ll be busy and won’t be able to go with you.

Exercise 11

1. awful; 2. unexpected; 3. loud; 4. well; 5. sadly; 6. quiet; 7. good; 8. well; 9. pleasant; 10. awfully; 11. unexpectedly; 12. loudly; 13. quietly; 14. pleasantly; 15. sad

Exercise 12

1. The flowers smell strongly before the rain. 2. I saw that the child was awfully frightened. 3. I felt cold and turned on the heater. 4. The new college building looks very attractive. 5. Now I feel well, I hope the headache won’t come back. 6. Look at this woman. Don’t you think she looks strange? 7. This new perfume smells very sweet. 8. The girl looked at me quickly and turned away. 9. The medicine tastes bitter! I can’t take it. 10. The prices in our supermarket will pleasantly surprise you.

Exercise 13

1. Thai; 2. Mexicans; 3. Portuguese; 4. Dutch; 5. the British; 6. a Britisher; 7. the Belgians; 8. the Chinese; 9. English; 10. Swiss, Norwegians, Dutch

Exercise 14

1. Soon two Czechs and a Dane joined our group. 2. The Greek alphabet looks like the Russian alphabet. 3. You’re mistaken, Maggie is not an Englishwoman but Irish (an Irishwoman). 4. The Portuguese have always been great sailors. 5. Traditionally (the) Japanese eat a lot of seafood, as a result they seldom suffer from heart condition. 6. When I was young, I knew a Chinese (man), and he often told me about his country. 7. Mexican food is usually very hot (spicy) like Indian food. 8. A Frenchman can be easily recognized by his accent. 9. Not so many people in the world can speak Dutch. 10. The Swiss Alps are one of the most popular holiday places in Europe. 11. What do you know about the Welsh and their traditions? 12. The Canadians have two official languages.

Exercise 15 (Sample version)

— Excuse me, is there a bus to the city centre?

— How long will it take me to get to the railway station by metro?

— Where’s the nearest bus stop?

— At what stop do I get off?

— What bus will take me to the airport?

— Is there a metro station near the central shop or had I better go by bus?

— Could you tell me the way, please?

— Could you help me, please? How do I get to ...?

Exercise 16

1. At the end of the week we dropped on a nice attractive flat and decided to rent it. 2. I thought I would just drop in on you and see how you are (doing). 3. John has dropped out of the game as he has a lot of work to do (he is very busy). 4. Jane said she would drop the jacket off at the cleaner’s when she went to the centre. 5. Let’s drop in on Ruth when we are in Oxford. 6. Don’t drop English no matter how hard it is. 7. I dropped on my old diary when I was looking for my notebook. 8. We were passing by your house and decided to drop in. 9. Please drop off this order at the grocery on your way to school. 10. Denis was injured in the first round and dropped out of the match. 11. If everything is all right, I’ll drop off the papers at your place tomorrow afternoon. 12. Why drop on me? Going there was his own decision.

Exercise 17 (Sample version)

1. sea, weather, road, wood, voice, person, etc.; 2. face, hands, stockings, clothes, etc; 3. answer, explanation, words, information, etc; 4. wall, room, head, floor, body, etc; 5. meeting, report, event, payment, conference, etc; 6. game, film, event, show, book, etc; 7. story, life, picture, impression, etc; 8. market, journal, news, bank, etc; 9. nonsense, pleasure, happiness, idiocy, etc; 10. towns, countries, raindrops, stories, etc.

Exercise 18

1. Когда я впервые увидел океан, я испытал волнение. 2. Никто ничего не разглядит, если в комнате полная темнота. 3. Моему двоюродному брату приснился страшный сон, как будто за ним гонится лев. 4. День благодарения — ежегодный праздник, который отмечается в ноябре. 5. Дети обняли своих родителей, как только те сошли с самолёта. 6. Я застонал, когда пёс оставил грязные следы на полу, который я только что вымыл. 7. Стрела вообще не попала в мишень. 8. В общей сложности на вечеринке нас было 12 человек. 9. Звон тарелок, донёсшийся с кухни, был знаком того, что ужин почти закончен. 10. Класс из колледжа моего двоюродного брата в десятый раз организует встречу выпускников в этом году. 11. Мокрый котёнок дрожал от холода. 12. Этот дорожный знак сбивает с толку водителей и заставляет их сворачивать не туда. 13. Босоногие ребятишки перешли через ручей. 14. Я сказал кондуктору в поезде, что еду в Нью-Йорк. 15. Её старое морщинистое лицо светилось добротой.

Exercise 19

1. sank; 2. clattered; 3. rough; 4. groan; 5. wrinkled; 6. to be certain; 7. was run; 8. within easy reach; 9. annual; 10. bare; 11. a married couple; 12. a groan; 13. rough drafts; 14. totally; 15. confuse; 16. thrilling; 17. bareheaded; 18. embraced; 19. flowed; 20. vague

Exercise 20

1. I saw tears of joy on her face. 2. Where does this river flow? 3. What is your destination? 4. Her trousers were wrinkled and she had to iron (press) them. 5. My aunts hadn’t seen each other for about a year. When they came to our place and saw each other, they embraced tenderly. 6. The sea was rough, and the ship began sinking. 7. Her voice trembled with excitement. 8. When will our annual meeting of graduates take place? 9. I heard the clatter of dishes in the kitchen. 10. There appeared a fishing vessel in the distance. 11. His leg hurt badly, but with a groan he rose and walked to the house. 12. The carriage clattered along the rough road. 13. The last days of the summer holidays turned out (to be) a real nightmare. 14. Wait a minute, you’re confusing me. 15. We arrived at our destination long after midnight. 16. The old man embraced me with his thin wrinkled arms. 17. The speaker droned on and on and nothing could stop this flow of words. 18. There was a strong wind blowing, and (the) bare branches of the trees were beating on (against) the windows. 19. “Open up!” ordered a rough voice behind the door. 20. What a confusing story! I can’t understand a thing.

Exercise 21

1. except; 2. waiting; 3. rather; 4. quiet; 5. by; 6. halfsister; 7. altogether; 8. flowed; 9. couple; 10. awaiting; 11. pair; 12. quite; 13. couple; 14. stepbrothers; 15. better; 16. by; 17. couple, besides

Exercise 22

1. I would rather go home; I’m a little tired. 2. You had better not argue with your parents. 3. He says he would rather wait for me at the school but not at the bus stop. 4. Kate had better not think about becoming an air hostess. She is airsick. 5. We would rather go to the park with you — the weather is lovely today. 6. You had better go to the dentist if you have a toothache. 7. I had better switch off the television. When it works, I can’t concentrate on my homework. 8. He would rather e-mail his friends. 9. We had better not be late for the classes tomorrow as we are going to write a test. 10. You had better not buy tickets to the smoker.

Exercise 23

1. c; 2. c; 3. a; 4. a; 5. c; 6. c; 7. b; 8. c; 9. b; 10. c; 11. b; 12. c; 13. b

Exercise 24

1. g; 2. m; 3. b; 4. i; 5. c; 6. f; 7. n; 8. d; 9. o; 10. e; 11. l; 12. j; 13. a; 14. p; 15. k; 16. h

Exercise 25

1. When we travel, we use various means (kinds) of transport. We can travel by plane or by train, by coach or by car, on a bike or on foot. 2. I always choose the most convenient way of getting to my destination. In my view it’s going by sea (a sea voyage). 3. Could you please weigh the luggage and pay the excess luggage charges if necessary? 4. I’ve bought a season ticket. I think I’ll save some money. 5. When I go away on business, I always have to do some last-minute shopping. 6. My latest journey to Rostov was a real nightmare. First of all, I had a lot of heavy luggage; besides, my fellow passenger on the coach was extremely talkative, and that was getting on my nerves. There was a two-hour delay of my train (my train was delayed for two hours), and I had to wait on the platform. I wasn’t properly dressed and began to get cold. I wish I hadn’t gone on that journey at all. 7. I need a double room for two days, preferably overlooking the sea (with a view of the sea). 8. Is the cost of laundry service included? 9. What facilities and services are available in this hotel? 10. When we leave the hotel, we should check out. 11. When is the flight from London? (When does the London flight arrive?)

Exercise 26

1. older, his; 2. hottest; 3. first, was taken, (was) operated; 4. women; 5. have never tried; 6. thousands, had been left; 7. theirs; 8. play/ playing; 9. feel, better; 10. those, were

Exercise 27

Part I

1. had; 2. had been left; 3. had never done; 4. are found; 5. playing; 6. sunbathing; 7. trying; 8. drove; 9. to stay; 10. arrived; 11. was raining; 12. sit/sitting; 13. looking; 14. haven’t played/haven’t been playing; 15. don’t we do

Part II

1. had played; 2. felt; 3. walked; 4. had been; 5. were lined; 6. was; 7. would find; 8. had not read; 9. had always been; 10. was caught; 11. raised; 12. pulled; 13. turned; 14. is/was often used; 15. had been put

Exercise 28

Globe

1. The world. The group travelled around the globe and saw many interesting countries. 2. A round ball with a map of the world on it. We study the oceans and the countries on the globe in our classroom. 3. Anything shaped like a ball. We bought a new glass globe to cover the light bulb in the hall.

Exercise 29

1. mailbox; 2. (pedestrian) crossing; 3. parking space; 4. pavement; 5. lift; 6. return ticket; 7. petrol station; 8. underground; 9. chemist’s; 10. dustbin; 11. street seller; 12. block of flats; 13. motorway; 14. single ticket

Exercise 30

1. e; 2. b; 3. d; 4. a; 5. c

Exercise 31

1. a; 2. e; 3. d; 4. b; 5. h; 6. j; 7. k; 8. g; 9. c; 10. m; 11. i; 12. l; 13. n; 14. p; 15. q; 16. o; 17. f

Exercise 32

1. c. When in Rome do as Romans do. — В чужой монастырь со своим уставом не ходят. 2. d. Time and tide wait for no man. — Время не ждёт никого. 3. a. One man doesn’t make a team. — Одна ласточка весны не делает. 4. g. The more haste the less speed. — Поспешишь — людей насмешишь. 5. b. There is no place like home. — В гостях хорошо, а дома лучше. 6. e. Absence makes the heart grow fonder. — Разлука заставляет сердце любить сильнее. 7. f. One man’s meat is another man’s poison. — То, что одному человеку полезно, другому вредно.

Exercise 33

1. e; 2. k; 3. b; 4. a; 5. i; 6. c; 7. d; 8. h; 9. j; 10. f; 11. g

Exercise 34

1. b; 2. d; 3. b; 4. a; 5. a; 6. b; 7. a

Unit 6

Exercise 1

Dialogue 1: 1. A journalist. 2. In 1785. 3. The Daily Universal Register. 4. The government’s. 5. He bought The Times. 6. In 1902.

Dialogue 2: 1. People’s Friend. 2. Fast food. 3. It’s high in fat and calories. People easily become obese which leads to some dangerous diseases. 4. They advertize it everywhere and sell it cheap in school. 5. America is trying to fight against fast food companies.

Dialogue 3: 1. None. 2. Schoolchildren’s health. 3. Workload. 4. Pupils are physically attacked and robbed, they also have fears about their popularity. 5. They work and take part in after-school and before-school activities. 6. Budgeting pupil’s time and making them stay longer in the open air.

Dialogue 4: 1. His visit to the TV studio. 2. He wants to write scripts for television. 3. He is writing a script for a new programme. 4. Great Mystery Tour.

Exercise 2

B. 2; C. 5; D. 1; E. 3; F. 7; G. 6

Exercise 3

1. T; 2. F; 3. T; 4. T; 5. F; 6. T; 7. T; 8. NS; 9. F; 10. T; 11. NS; 12. F

Exercise 6

1. It was good knowledge of history and geography, good judgement (strategy) and some good luck. 2. “Which king was married to Eleanor of Aquitain?” 3. She used her 50 X 50 lifeline, phone-a-friend and the audience’s help.

Exercise 8

1. journalist; 2. formulators; 3. responsibility; 4. citizens; 5. journalism; 6. discussion; 7. entrance; 8. education; 9. exclusion/excluding; 10. journalism; 11. closed; 12. unsympathetic; 13. unpopular; 14. properly; 15. information; 16. minorities

Exercise 9

1. for; 2. to; 3. of; 4. of; 5. for; 6. in; 7. from; 8. of; 9. to; 10. in; 11. in; 12. to; 13. in; 14. of (about); 15. for; 16. for; 17. of; 18. of

Exercise 10

1. Не могу представить свою маму танцующей на дискотеке. 2. Мне очень нравится жизнь в моём городе. 3. Ты можешь представить себе, что можно забыть о собственном дне рождения? 4. Мне удалось убедить его продолжать эксперимент. 5. Мне нравится плавать. 6. Мне страшно надоело слушать твои небылицы. 7. Маргарет сказала, что больше туда ходить не стоит. 8. Для неё спорить с дядей Тимом нет никакого смысла. 9. У меня есть специальный велосипед, чтобы кататься по горам. 10. Фрэнк отрицает, что говорил это. 11. Ты продолжаешь досаждать мне. 12. Тед зарабатывает на карманные расходы тем, что моет соседям машины. 13. Она с трудом нашла наш дом. 14. Что проку плакать? Я не передумаю. 15. Курение может подорвать ваше здоровье.

Exercise 11

1. to; 2. —; 3. —; 4. to; 5. —, to; 6. to; 7. —; 8. to; 9. to; 10. —; 11. to; 12. to; 13. to; 14. to; 15. to; 16. —; 17. to; 18. to; 19. to; 20. —

Exercise 12

1. watching; 2. turning; 3. to see; 4. trying; 5. making, to express; 6. doing; 7. listening; 8. to buy; 9. to get; 10. to win; 11. staying, watching; 12. telling; 13. calling; 14. talking, meeting; 15. to admire; 16. speaking; 17. to play; 18. whining; 19. to inform; 20. persuading; 21. jumping; 22. phoning; 23. seeing; 24. to wind up; 25. going

Exercise 13

1. offer; 2. offered; 3. suggest; 4. offered; 5. suggested; 6. suggests; 7. offer; 8. suggested; 9. suggests; 10. offered; 11. offering; 12. suggest; 13. offered; 14. suggest; 15. offers

Exercise 14

A. 1. Father still remembers buying his first television. 2. He didn’t forget to take his passport with him. 3. Will you remember to buy fruit for me? 4. Remember to send a telegram to your aunt. 5. I will never forget skiing in the mountains. 6. John said he would never forget singing at the party. 7. Did you forget meeting me before?

B. 1. Jane stopped to smell the rose. 2. Stop making this noise. 3. We stopped to buy a newspaper. 4. Lisa stopped going to the music school. 5. Stop shouting. I can’t make out the voice on the record. 6. We tried to stop him but he wouldn’t listen to anyone.

C. 1. I regret losing my temper. 2. I regret to tell you that your brother has got into a road accident. 3. Alice regretted telling you about it. 4. I regret to say that you haven’t passed the exam. 5. I regret lending him money; he hasn’t returned it. 6. I regret not taking your advice. You were right.

Exercise 16

1. The operator asked the caller to hold on. 2. The girl was walking down the stairs holding on (to) the banister. 3. The boy said hello and held out his hand to me. 4. I could hardly hold myself in. 5. The man held off his dog and let me walk by. 6. The soldiers managed to hold off the enemy’s attack. 7. The handle was held on the door with a nail. 8. Hold on a minute, I’ll see where he is now. 9. Linda held out her hand and gave me the keys. 10. When you dive, hold your breath. 11. We tried to hold off the crowd. 12. Hold on (to) this handle and you won’t fall. 13. The stranger held out his hand to greet me. 14. The fort held on for a few days. 15. Hold on, hold on. This is where I disagree with you. 16. Mary was very angry but held (herself) in. 17. Hold on, I’m coming.

Exercise 17

1. on; 2. in; 3. in; 4. at; 5. out; 6. on; 7. down/along; 8. for; 9. into; 10. with; 11. in; 12. to; 13. of; 14. to; 15. of

Exercise 18

1. glorious; 2. idle; 3. passionate; 4. enclosed; 5. obvious; 6. incapable

Exercise 19

1. People will hardly be able to forget that glorious day in May, the last day of the terrible war. 2. My knowledge of Arabic is limited to five or six phrases. 3. The flame of the candle was so weak that we were not able to read by its light. 4. Those were idle days of lying on the beach and doing nothing. 5. I enclose the picture of my family with our new house in the background. 6. Robin is a gifted musician, and I’m sure that a brilliant future is awaiting him. 7. Do you think there are any illiterate people left in this country? 8. Jane’s emotional and passionate speech didn’t leave the public indifferent. 9. Charles had few memories of his early childhood. 10. In most cases people’s happiness depends on a good family and a good job. 11. Wasteful people have no chance to get rich. 12. Absorbed in talking we did not pay attention to the noise outside. 13. My mistake was obvious, and I was prepared to hear some uncomplimentary words from my teachers. 14. Wood doesn’t sink but floats. 15. Come to the map and point out the Arabian Peninsula.

Exercise 20

1. unlocked; 2. immobile; 3. inattentive; 4. irrational; 5. unmarried; 6. inexpensive; 7. uncoloured; 8. irresponsible, unpleasant; 9. indifferent; 10. illogical; 11. unanswered; 12. immortal

Exercise 21

1. inaccurate; 2. independent; 3. irregular; 4. unpopular; 5. inexpensive; 6. illiterate; 7. illogical; 8. impolite; 9. irresistible; 10. unprestigious; 11. unseen; 12. uninteresting; 13. inattentive; 14. unable, incapable; 15. uncomfortable; 16. irresponsible; 17. untidy; 18. incomprehensible

Exercise 22

1. I was allowed to enter. 2. I was allowed to go to the cinema. 3. Playing football in the street is not allowed. 4. The children were not allowed to go out in the rain. 5. I’m not allowed to work in the garden. 6. He is allowed to go to such parties. 7. You won’t be allowed to return the money. 8. John stepped back, and I was allowed to pass. 9. Her younger brothers are not allowed to ride her bike. 10. Smoking is not allowed in the restaurant.

Exercise 23

1. Some papers lay on the table. 2. Father laid his hand on my shoulder. 3. Jemma laid the clothes in the box. 4. Lay the hat on this chair. 5. She went to the bedroom and lay on the bed. 6. When I entered the room, Grandfather was lying on the sofa. 7. The farm lay within three miles of the sea. 8. I knew that Rob was lying. 9. John lay on the beach thinking of his family (was lying and thinking ...). 10. The little girl laid the pencil on the table. 11. The young mother laid the baby on its back. 12. She is in the room laying the table. 13. Look how she is laying the child in the bed. 14. Look, the dog is lying under the table. 15. Lie on the sofa and try to sleep.

Exercise 24

1. The Arabian Peninsula. 2. The United Arab Emirates. 3. The Arabic language. 4. Arabian Nights. 5. Arabic numerals. 6. The Arabian Desert. 7. An Arabian horse. 8. The Arabic literature. 9. Arab tribes. 10. The Arab world. 11. Arab-Israeli War. 12. Arab countries. 13. The Arabic alphabet. 14. Arab oil. 15. Arab history.

Exercise 26

1. big newspaper headlines; 2. a film review; 3. various kinds of editions; 4. a great number of copies; 5. impartial and accurate; 6. to keep an eye on the news; 7. freelance journalist; 8. a newspaper stand; 9. to broadcast programmes; 10. to be glued to the television screen; 11. a remote control; 12. the nine o’clock news; 13. a newscaster (newsreader); 14. a quiz host; 15. a commercial on television; 16. violence and crime; 17. a music request programme; 18. an editor; 19. to subscribe to a newspaper; 20. to keep people informed about the current events

Exercise 28

1. —, the; 2. the; 3. —, the, the; 4. —, —; 5. —, —, —; 6. the, —, the, the, the; 7. —; 8. the; 9. the; 10. the, —, the

Exercise 29

1. be wearing; 2. had seen; 3. has read; 4. provide; 5. lay; 6. lay; 7. have cooked, would; 8. subscribe; 9. receiving; 10. allowed

Exercise 30

1. is/was owned; 2. her, friend’s; 3. had never visited, was shocked; 4. most challenging, second; 5. is believed, most photographed; 6. are going, will need, to play, to read; 7. stay; 8. sportsmen; 9. are making, yours, mine; 10. to come, themselves

Exercise 31

Part I

1. had been dreaming/had dreamt; 2. were walking; 3. noticed; 4. come/coming; 5. have never seen; 6. will make; 7. raised; 8. prepared; 9. was heard; 10. spring; 11. knew; 12. had missed; 13. thought; 14. had been given; 15. had had; 16. would have been

Part II

1. tried; 2. had been aiming/had aimed; 3. shot; 4. was wasted; 5. am getting; 6. replied; 7. Do not worry; 8. has missed; 9. turned; 10. to look/looking; 11. had not gone; 12. was paying; 13. was practising; 14. spoke